German Government Offices Explained: The Expat Guide to Behoerden (2026)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between the Jobcenter and the Agentur fuer Arbeit?
The Agentur fuer Arbeit handles Arbeitslosengeld I (ALG I) — short-term unemployment benefit for people who have recently lost a job and have been contributing to the social insurance system. The Jobcenter handles Buergergeld (formerly Hartz IV) — long-term income support for people who have been unemployed for more than 12 months or whose income is below the minimum threshold. If you have just lost your job, go to the Agentur fuer Arbeit first.
Do I need to visit the Auslaenderbehoerde as an EU citizen?
Generally no. EU citizens have the right to live and work in Germany without a residence permit. However, you should still complete your Anmeldung (address registration) at the Buergeramt. Some EU citizens living in Germany for more than 5 years may want to apply for a permanent EU residence certificate (Daueraufenthaltsbescheinigung) from the Auslaenderbehoerde as useful proof of long-term residence.
What documents should I always bring to a Behoerde appointment?
As a baseline, always bring: your passport (original and copy), your current residence permit if applicable, your Anmeldebescheinigung (registration certificate), and any letters or documents related to the specific matter. Bring photocopies of everything — many offices will keep a copy. Arriving without a required document typically means rescheduling.
What is the difference between Steuernummer and Steuer-ID?
The Steuer-ID (Steueridentifikationsnummer) is your permanent 11-digit tax identification number, assigned once and valid for life — it does not change even if you move. The Steuernummer is your tax number assigned by your local Finanzamt and is used for filing returns. If you change your Finanzamt (e.g. by moving to another city), you get a new Steuernummer. Your employer needs your Steuer-ID; your tax return uses both.
Can I bring a friend or translator to a Behoerde appointment?
Yes. You are permitted to bring someone with you to any Behoerde appointment. For important appointments at the Auslaenderbehoerde or Finanzamt, bringing a German-speaking friend or a professional translator is strongly recommended if your German is limited. Some offices can arrange an interpreter if you request one in advance — call or email ahead to ask.
